See umbo on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbonic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃nebʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "umbō",
"4": "",
"5": "a shield boss"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "umbone"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of umbone",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "umbones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbos",
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},
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 30 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
137
]
],
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:",
"text": "It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
"text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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[
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[
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[
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]
],
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 39 20 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 39 18 11 1 4",
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},
{
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}
],
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"An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
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"links": [
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],
[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
[
"projection",
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],
[
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[
"ear",
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]
],
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],
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"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
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]
},
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],
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],
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
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[
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[
"cap",
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[
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],
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"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
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},
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]
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],
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}
{
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{
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"raw_tags": [
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"learned"
],
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{
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
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"learned"
],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
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],
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}
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},
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},
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"t": "belly; paunch"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”).",
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[
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[
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"umbonem#Latin"
]
],
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{
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[
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"umbones#Latin"
]
],
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"plural"
]
},
{
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[
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"umbone#Latin"
]
],
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]
],
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],
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"g": "m"
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],
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},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "umbilicus"
}
],
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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},
{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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[
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],
[
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"part"
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],
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈʊm.boː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈum.bo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
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}
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"English lemmas",
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"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃nebʰ-",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ/2 syllables",
"en:Armor"
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{
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},
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"tags": [
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},
{
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],
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137
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],
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"type": "quotation"
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{
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14,
18
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],
"ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
"text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"links": [
[
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[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"projection",
"projection"
],
[
"tympanic membrane",
"tympanic membrane"
],
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology",
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"lateral",
"lateral"
],
[
"prominence",
"prominence"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"bivalve",
"bivalve"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology",
"en:Mycology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"mycology",
"mycology"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
],
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"toadstool",
"toadstool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.boʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌmbəʊ"
}
],
"word": "umbo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "umbo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "umbone"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "umbone"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Umbonium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃émbʰō",
"4": "*h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ambô",
"t": "belly; paunch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umbō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnis",
"links": [
[
"umbōnis",
"umbonis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "umbō",
"links": [
[
"umbō",
"umbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnēs",
"links": [
[
"umbōnēs",
"umbones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnis",
"links": [
[
"umbōnis",
"umbonis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnum",
"links": [
[
"umbōnum",
"umbonum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnī",
"links": [
[
"umbōnī",
"umboni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnibus",
"links": [
[
"umbōnibus",
"umbonibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnem",
"links": [
[
"umbōnem",
"umbonem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnēs",
"links": [
[
"umbōnēs",
"umbones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōne",
"links": [
[
"umbōne",
"umbone#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnibus",
"links": [
[
"umbōnibus",
"umbonibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbō",
"links": [
[
"umbō",
"umbo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "umbōnēs",
"links": [
[
"umbōnēs",
"umbones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umbō<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "umbō m (genitive umbōnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umbō<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "umbilicus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boss (of a shield, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"elbow (or similar projecting part)"
],
"links": [
[
"elbow",
"elbow"
],
[
"projecting",
"projecting"
],
[
"part",
"part"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʊm.boː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈum.bo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "umbo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": ":af",
"3": "umba<alt:-umba><t:to create>",
"4": "-o<id:nominal>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umba\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Bantu\", \"term\" : \"*-ò\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umbo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }\" data-lang=\"sw\" data-title=\"umbo\">\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maumbo",
"tags": [
"class-vi",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ma"
},
"expansion": "umbo class V (plural maumbo class VI)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Swahili class V nouns",
"Swahili entries with etymology texts",
"Swahili entries with etymology trees",
"Swahili entries with etymon",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili nouns",
"Swahili terms suffixed with -o (nominal)"
],
"glosses": [
"shape, form, structure"
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-v"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-umbo.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"word": "umbo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for umbo meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.