"umbo" meaning in All languages combined

See umbo on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈʌm.bəʊ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈʌm.boʊ/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav [Southern-England] Forms: umbones [plural], umbos [plural], umboes [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌmbəʊ Etymology: Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₃nebʰ-}}, {{bor|en|la|umbō||a shield boss}} Latin umbō (“a shield boss”), {{dbt|en|umbone}} Doublet of umbone Head templates: {{en-noun|umbones|s|es}} umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)
  1. (historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-umbo-en-noun-IUAJK7Sh Categories (other): Armor Disambiguation of Armor: 14 30 28 28
  2. (biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.
    (anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear.
    Sense id: en-umbo-en-noun-juNqifH~ Categories (other): Anatomy, Biology, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Armor Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 26 39 20 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 26 36 17 12 2 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 39 18 11 1 4 Disambiguation of Armor: 14 30 28 28 Topics: anatomy, biology, medicine, natural-sciences, sciences
  3. (biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.
    (zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell.
    Sense id: en-umbo-en-noun-G9F0bF-~ Categories (other): Biology, Zoology, Armor Disambiguation of Armor: 14 30 28 28 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  4. (biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.
    (mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool.
    Sense id: en-umbo-en-noun-rwlgDKfB Categories (other): Biology, Mycology, Armor Disambiguation of Armor: 14 30 28 28 Topics: biology, mycology, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: umbonal, umbonic Related terms: boss

Noun [Latin]

IPA: [ˈʊm.boː] [Classical-Latin], [ˈum.bo] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₃émbʰō|*h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, {{cog|gem-pro|*ambô|t=belly; paunch}} Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”) Head templates: {{la-noun|umbō<3>|g=m}} umbō m (genitive umbōnis); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|umbō<3>}} Forms: umbō [canonical, masculine], umbōnis [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], umbō [nominative, singular], umbōnēs [nominative, plural], umbōnis [genitive, singular], umbōnum [genitive, plural], umbōnī [dative, singular], umbōnibus [dative, plural], umbōnem [accusative, singular], umbōnēs [accusative, plural], umbōne [ablative, singular], umbōnibus [ablative, plural], umbō [singular, vocative], umbōnēs [plural, vocative]
  1. boss (of a shield, etc.) Tags: declension-3
    Sense id: en-umbo-la-noun-kfXOKSGV
  2. elbow (or similar projecting part) Tags: declension-3
    Sense id: en-umbo-la-noun--1fA2srm Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 9 91 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 31 69
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: umbilicus

Noun [Swahili]

Audio: Sw-ke-umbo.flac [Kenya] Forms: maumbo [class-vi, plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba Swahili -umba Proto-Bantu *-ò Proto-Sabaki *-o Swahili -o Swahili umbo From -umba (“to create”) + -o. Etymology templates: {{ety|sw|:af|umba<alt:-umba><t:to create>|-o<id:nominal>|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba Swahili -umba Proto-Bantu *-ò Proto-Sabaki *-o Swahili -o Swahili umbo [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Swahili", "term" : "umba", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sw" }, { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Bantu", "term" : "*-ò", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "bnt-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Sabaki", "term" : "*-o", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "bnt-sab-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Swahili", "term" : "-o", "lang" : "sw" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Swahili", "term" : "umbo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sw" }" data-lang="sw" data-title="umbo"> From -umba (“to create”) + -o. Head templates: {{sw-noun|ma}} umbo class V (plural maumbo class VI)
  1. shape, form, structure Tags: class-v

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "umbonal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "umbonic"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃nebʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "umbō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a shield boss"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin umbō (“a shield boss”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "umbone"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of umbone",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "umbones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umboes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbones",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "boss"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 30 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Armor",
          "orig": "en:Armor",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              133,
              137
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:",
          "text": "It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
          "text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-en-noun-IUAJK7Sh",
      "links": [
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ],
        [
          "project",
          "project"
        ],
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "en:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 39 20 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 36 17 12 2 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 39 18 11 1 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 30 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Armor",
          "orig": "en:Armor",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-en-noun-juNqifH~",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "projection",
          "projection"
        ],
        [
          "tympanic membrane",
          "tympanic membrane"
        ],
        [
          "ear",
          "ear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "biology",
        "medicine",
        "natural-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "en:Zoology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 30 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Armor",
          "orig": "en:Armor",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-en-noun-G9F0bF-~",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "lateral",
          "lateral"
        ],
        [
          "prominence",
          "prominence"
        ],
        [
          "hinge",
          "hinge"
        ],
        [
          "bivalve",
          "bivalve"
        ],
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mycology",
          "orig": "en:Mycology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 30 28 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Armor",
          "orig": "en:Armor",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-en-noun-rwlgDKfB",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "mycology",
          "mycology"
        ],
        [
          "bump",
          "bump"
        ],
        [
          "protrusion",
          "protrusion"
        ],
        [
          "cap",
          "cap"
        ],
        [
          "mushroom",
          "mushroom"
        ],
        [
          "toadstool",
          "toadstool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "mycology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌm.boʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌmbəʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "learned borrowing",
        "learned"
      ],
      "word": "umbo"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "learned borrowing",
            "learned"
          ],
          "word": "umbone"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "learned borrowing",
        "learned"
      ],
      "word": "umbone"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Translingual",
      "lang_code": "mul",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "Umbonium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃émbʰō",
        "4": "*h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*ambô",
        "t": "belly; paunch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnis",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnis",
          "umbonis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbō",
          "umbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnis",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnis",
          "umbonis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnum",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnum",
          "umbonum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnī",
          "umboni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnibus",
          "umbonibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnem",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnem",
          "umbonem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōne",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōne",
          "umbone#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnibus",
          "umbonibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbō",
          "umbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbō<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "umbō m (genitive umbōnis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbō<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "umbilicus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "boss (of a shield, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-la-noun-kfXOKSGV",
      "links": [
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "elbow (or similar projecting part)"
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-la-noun--1fA2srm",
      "links": [
        [
          "elbow",
          "elbow"
        ],
        [
          "projecting",
          "projecting"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʊm.boː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈum.bo]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sw",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "umba<alt:-umba><t:to create>",
        "4": "-o<id:nominal>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umba\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Bantu\", \"term\" : \"*-ò\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umbo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }\" data-lang=\"sw\" data-title=\"umbo\">\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maumbo",
      "tags": [
        "class-vi",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ma"
      },
      "expansion": "umbo class V (plural maumbo class VI)",
      "name": "sw-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swahili",
  "lang_code": "sw",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swahili entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swahili entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swahili entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Swahili terms suffixed with -o (nominal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shape, form, structure"
      ],
      "id": "en-umbo-sw-noun-X~wHStKx",
      "links": [
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-v"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sw-ke-umbo.flac",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Kenya"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃nebʰ-",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ/2 syllables",
    "en:Armor"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "umbonal"
    },
    {
      "word": "umbonic"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃nebʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "umbō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a shield boss"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin umbō (“a shield boss”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "umbone"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of umbone",
      "name": "dbt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "umbones",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbos",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umboes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbones",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "boss"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              133,
              137
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:",
          "text": "It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
          "text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ],
        [
          "project",
          "project"
        ],
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Anatomy",
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "projection",
          "projection"
        ],
        [
          "tympanic membrane",
          "tympanic membrane"
        ],
        [
          "ear",
          "ear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "biology",
        "medicine",
        "natural-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology",
        "en:Zoology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "lateral",
          "lateral"
        ],
        [
          "prominence",
          "prominence"
        ],
        [
          "hinge",
          "hinge"
        ],
        [
          "bivalve",
          "bivalve"
        ],
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology",
        "en:Mycology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "depression",
          "depression"
        ],
        [
          "palate",
          "palate"
        ],
        [
          "disk",
          "disk"
        ],
        [
          "membrane",
          "membrane"
        ],
        [
          "mycology",
          "mycology"
        ],
        [
          "bump",
          "bump"
        ],
        [
          "protrusion",
          "protrusion"
        ],
        [
          "cap",
          "cap"
        ],
        [
          "mushroom",
          "mushroom"
        ],
        [
          "toadstool",
          "toadstool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
        "(mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "mycology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌm.boʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌmbəʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "learned borrowing",
        "learned"
      ],
      "word": "umbo"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "learned borrowing",
            "learned"
          ],
          "word": "umbone"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "learned borrowing",
        "learned"
      ],
      "word": "umbone"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Translingual",
      "lang_code": "mul",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "Umbonium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃émbʰō",
        "4": "*h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*ambô",
        "t": "belly; paunch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émbʰō ~ *h₃m̥bʰ-n-és, from the root *h₃m̥bʰ- (“navel; nave, hub”). Particularly close cognate with Proto-Germanic *ambô (“belly; paunch”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnis",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnis",
          "umbonis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbō",
          "umbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnis",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnis",
          "umbonis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnum",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnum",
          "umbonum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnī",
          "umboni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnibus",
          "umbonibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnem",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnem",
          "umbonem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōne",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōne",
          "umbone#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnibus",
          "umbonibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbō",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbō",
          "umbo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "umbōnēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "umbōnēs",
          "umbones#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbō<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "umbō m (genitive umbōnis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "umbō<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "umbilicus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "boss (of a shield, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boss",
          "boss"
        ],
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "elbow (or similar projecting part)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "elbow",
          "elbow"
        ],
        [
          "projecting",
          "projecting"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʊm.boː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈum.bo]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sw",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "umba<alt:-umba><t:to create>",
        "4": "-o<id:nominal>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umba\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Bantu\", \"term\" : \"*-ò\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"umbo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }\" data-lang=\"sw\" data-title=\"umbo\">\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Bantu *-bʊ́mba\nSwahili -umba\nProto-Bantu *-ò\nProto-Sabaki *-o\nSwahili -o\nSwahili umbo\nFrom -umba (“to create”) + -o.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "maumbo",
      "tags": [
        "class-vi",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ma"
      },
      "expansion": "umbo class V (plural maumbo class VI)",
      "name": "sw-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swahili",
  "lang_code": "sw",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Swahili class V nouns",
        "Swahili entries with etymology texts",
        "Swahili entries with etymology trees",
        "Swahili entries with etymon",
        "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swahili lemmas",
        "Swahili nouns",
        "Swahili terms suffixed with -o (nominal)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shape, form, structure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "structure",
          "structure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-v"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Sw-ke-umbo.flac",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Sw-ke-umbo.flac/Sw-ke-umbo.flac.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Kenya"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "umbo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for umbo meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.